Jeffrey Sachs
DefinitionJeffrey David Sachs is an American economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, where he holds the title of University Professor, the highest rank Columbia bestows on its faculty. He is known as one of the world's leading experts on economic development and the fight against poverty. Jeffrey Sachs What is 'Jeffrey Sachs' An...
Joint Endorsement
What is a joint endorsement A joint endorsement is an agreement between two or more individuals to endorse a financial instrument, such as a check or note, on behalf of another individual. The endorsements guarantee payment of the instrument if the primary endorser defaults on their obligations. Joint endorsements are commonly used when an endorser does not have adequate credit...
James P. Mooney
What is 'James P. Mooney' A former chairman and CEO of OM Group. Born in 1947 in Ohio, Mooney began his career with his father's company, Mooney Chemicals, in 1971, where he advanced to CEO and president, then joined OM Group in 1991 as its CEO and president, later adding chairman to his titles and stepping down...
Jan Tinbergen
DefinitionJan Tinbergen was an important Dutch economist. He was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the...
Joint Liability
Joint and Several Liability in Business In most common law legal systems, two or more people can be jointly liable for a single liability. Joint liability can include negligence, fraud, and breach of contract. However, in some states, such as California, the concept of joint liability can also be found in the business context. This article will discuss common torts,...
John Maynard Keynes
DefinitionJohn Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. He built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and the founder of modern macroeconomic theory....
John Bogle
DefinitionJohn Clifton "Jack" Bogle is an American investor, business magnate, and philanthropist. He is the founder and retired chief executive of The Vanguard Group. John Bogle What is 'John Bogle' The founder of The Vanguard Group, and a major figure in the index investing community. John Bogle was the first person to offer an index fund to...
Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate (JIBAR)
What is 'Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate - JIBAR' The money market rate that is used by South Africa. The rate comes in one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month discount terms. Explaining 'Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate - JIBAR' The rate is determined as an average of the rates indicated by local and international banks. JIBAR is...
January Effect
What is the January Effect and does it exist The January effect is a theory that posits that stock prices tend to rise at the beginning of the year. The theory is based on the idea that investors sell off their losing stocks at the end of the year for tax purposes, and then buy them back at the beginning...
Joint Stock Company
Definition A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. Joint Stock Company What is a 'Joint Stock Company' A joint...